Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

What term refers to the chemical processes that release energy from food?

1. Anabolism

2. Catabolism

3. Metabolism

4. Homeostasis

The correct answer is: Catabolism

The term that refers to the chemical processes that release energy from food is catabolism. Catabolism encompasses the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, a process that often releases energy stored in chemical bonds. This energy can then be utilized by the body for various functions such as muscle contraction, maintaining body temperature, and fueling other metabolic processes. While metabolism is a broader term that includes both catabolic and anabolic processes, it does not specifically refer only to energy release. Anabolism, on the other hand, is the process by which the body uses energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. Homeostasis relates to the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is a separate concept from the release of energy from food. Therefore, catabolism accurately describes the specific process of energy release from food sources.