Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

Hydronephrosis is a condition that occurs due to an obstruction in the urine flow, leading to the swelling of one or both kidneys. This obstruction can occur at various points in the urinary tract, such as in the ureters or the urethra, obstructing the normal passage of urine. As urine accumulates behind the blockage, it causes increased pressure in the kidney, ultimately leading to the dilation of the renal pelvis and potential damage to the kidney tissue if left untreated.

This condition might manifest with symptoms like flank pain, urinary tract infections, and changes in urination patterns. Over time, if the obstruction is not resolved, hydronephrosis can result in kidney dysfunction, as the pressure can compromise kidney function and damage nephrons (the functional units of the kidney).

Understanding hydronephrosis is crucial, as it highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and management of urinary obstructions to prevent permanent kidney damage.