Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

The breaking down of larger food particles into smaller molecules is known as:

1. Anabolism

2. Catabolism

3. Fermentation

4. Metabolism

The correct answer is: Catabolism

The breakdown of larger food particles into smaller molecules is referred to as catabolism. This process is part of metabolism, which encompasses all biochemical reactions in the body, including both catabolic and anabolic pathways. In catabolism, complex molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down into simpler molecules, releasing energy that can be used for various cellular activities. This process is essential for providing the energy necessary for cellular functions and maintaining homeostasis. Anabolism, in contrast, refers to the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones, which requires energy. Fermentation is a specific metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, often used by certain organisms to convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol. Metabolism, as a whole, includes both catabolic and anabolic pathways, making it a broader term. Therefore, catabolism specifically captures the essence of breaking down food particles into smaller molecules.